Solar power generation is divided into photothermal power generation and photovoltaic power generation. Regardless of production and sales, development speed and development prospects, solar thermal power generation cannot catch up with photovoltaic power generation. It is possible that due to the widespread popularity of photovoltaic power generation, there is less contact with CSP. Generally speaking, solar power generation often refers to solar photovoltaic power generation, or optoelectronics for short.
The household solar power generation system consists of a solar cell group, a solar controller, and a battery (group). If the output power is AC 220V or 110V, an inverter is also required.
1. Solar Panels
The solar panel is the core part of the solar power generation system. The function of the solar panel is to convert the light energy of the sun into electrical energy, and then output the direct current and store it in the battery. The solar panel is one of the most important components in the solar power generation system, and its conversion rate and service life are important factors that determine whether the solar cell has use value.
Features of solar panel raw materials:
Cells: High-efficiency (above 16.5%) monocrystalline silicon solar cells are used to encapsulate to ensure that the solar panels generate sufficient power.
Glass: Low iron tempered suede glass (also known as white glass), thickness 3.2mm,
EVA: A high-quality EVA film layer with a thickness of 0.78mm added with anti-ultraviolet agent, antioxidant and curing agent is used as the sealing agent of solar cells and the connecting agent between glass and TPT. Has high transmittance and anti-aging ability.
TPT: The back cover of the solar cell - the fluoroplastic film is white and reflects the sunlight, so the efficiency of the module is slightly improved, and because of its high infrared emissivity, it can also reduce the operating temperature of the module, also Conducive to improving the efficiency of components.
Frame: The aluminum alloy frame used has high strength and strong resistance to mechanical impact. It is also the most valuable part of home solar power generation.
2. Solar controller
The solar controller is composed of a dedicated processor CPU, electronic components, displays, switching power tubes, etc.
Main features of solar controller:
a. The use of single-chip microcomputer and special software realizes intelligent control;
b. Accurate discharge control using battery discharge rate characteristic correction. The end-of-discharge voltage is a control point corrected by the discharge rate curve, which eliminates the inaccuracy of simple voltage control over-discharge, and conforms to the inherent characteristics of the battery, that is, different discharge rates have different end-of-charge voltages.
c. It has automatic control such as overcharge, overdischarge, electronic short circuit, overload protection, and unique anti-reverse connection protection; the above protection does not damage any components and does not burn insurance;
d. The series PWM charging main circuit is adopted, which reduces the voltage loss of the charging circuit by nearly half compared with the charging circuit using diodes, and the charging efficiency is 3%-6% higher than that of non-PWM, which increases the power consumption time; the improvement of over-discharge recovery Charging, normal direct charging, and automatic control of floating charging make the system have a longer service life; at the same time, it has high-precision temperature compensation;
e. The intuitive LED light-emitting tube indicates the current battery status, allowing users to understand the usage status;
f. All controls use industrial-grade chips (only for industrial-grade controllers with I), which can run freely in cold, high temperature, and humid environments. At the same time, the crystal oscillator timing control is used, and the timing control is precise.
g. Digital LED display and settings are used, and all settings can be completed by one-button operation. The function of extremely convenient and intuitive use is to control the working state of the entire system, and to protect the battery from overcharge and overdischarge. In places with large temperature difference, a qualified controller should also have the function of temperature compensation. Other additional functions such as light-controlled switches and time-controlled switches should be optional for the controller;
The function of the battery is to store the electrical energy emitted by the solar panel when there is light, and release it when needed. Solar battery is the application of 'battery' in solar photovoltaic power generation. There are four types of lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, ordinary lead-acid batteries, gel batteries and alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries. The widely used solar batteries are mainly: lead-acid maintenance-free batteries and gel batteries. These two types of batteries, because of their inherent "free" maintenance characteristics and the characteristics of less pollution to the environment, are very suitable for reliable solar power systems. , especially unattended workstations.
The direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide power to 220VAC electrical appliances, it is necessary to convert the DC power generated by the powerbluesun solar power generation system into AC power, so a DC-AC inverter is required.